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Using Greeting and Parting Expressions – Part 1
Hi everybody, I’m Seda Süreel. Herkese merhaba, ben Seda Süreel. Welcome to another Whiteboard Lessons. In this lesson, you will learn Turkish greetings and parting expressions. Let’s get started. Okay, let’s look at the vocabulary. First, we have Günaydın, Good morning. This derived from gün meaning they and aydın meaning bright. The literal meaning refers to wishing someone a bright day ahead. The greeting is used in the morning. Merhaba, hello. It comes from the Arabic phrase merhaba meaning welcome. Merhaba is commonly used not only in Turkish but also in many other languages influenced by Arabic. Selam, hello, peace, hi. It again comes from the Arabic word selam meaning peace. It’s a casual and friendly greeting among acquaintances and friends. İyi günler, good day. İyi günler is more generic and formal greeting than günaydın or merhaba. It is used until 6 pm. İyi akşamlar, good evening. İyi akşamlar is a polite and appropriate greeting as the day transitions into the evening. It is used from 6 pm to 10 pm. İyi geceler, good night. It is used as a farewell when partying in the evening before going to sleep. It is used from 10 pm to 4 am in the morning. And now let’s see our parting expressions. Hoşça kalın, goodbye. Hoşça kal or hoşça kalın is used toward one person. When you say hoşça kal it is toward one person and hoşça kalın it is used toward more than one person or for polite situations. It is a compound of hoşça, hoş meaning pleasant and kal meaning stay. So literal translation, literal meaning is similar to stay well or stay pleasant. And it can be used at any time of the day when parting. Okay, güle güle, bye bye. This phrase comes from the word laugh or smile, gülmek. Güle güle conveys the idea of parting with a smile wishing the person joy. It can be used at any time of the day again. Görüşmek üzere, see you soon. It translates directly as like until we see each other. Görüşmek üzere reflects the hope for future encounters or reunions. And it can be used at any time of the day. Okay, Allahaısmarladık, Allahaısmarladık or Allahaısmarladık, Allahaısmarladık. That’s how we say it, Allahaısmarladık, farewell. The literal meaning of Allahaısmarladık is we entrust ourselves to God, to Allah. Even though it contains a deep religious reference it is used commonly in daily conversations like casual conversations without referencing a religion. So you can use it, okay? Okay, now let’s now look at our short, very very short dialogue. Imagine two friends exchanging greetings as they pass by each other. We can find out the day, the time of the day from the dialogue. Günaydın, günaydın, günaydın, günaydın. The two friends greet each other with günaydın indicating that it is the morning. The repetition günaydın, günaydın of these two greetings reinforces the friendly and polite nature of the interaction, okay? When somebody says günaydın you can say günaydın back. In Turkish culture when you meet someone who is close to you it is very common to exchange hugs or kisses as a greeting. And we kiss on each cheek and we do it like this, not kiss but make a pretend kiss and we do it like this, not kiss but make a pretend kiss and make the sound. But if you don’t know or that person or if you don’t have a close relationship with that person it is customary to shake hands. And if the person is kind of more religious you can just put your hand on your heart and you can just bow a little. That’s also how you greet. You can do this with your head, okay? -
10 Must Know Math Words
Hey guys! Всем привет! (Vsem privet!) Guess our next topic today. It’s going to be, it’s so fun, it’s so fun, you can’t imagine how fun it is, you’re going to love it. It’s 10 must know math words. Please don’t cancel, don’t shut me down, stay with me, Katya, and let’s check it out in Russian. 1. математика (matematika) “Math” Я забыла сделать домашнее задание по математике. (Ya zabula sdelat’ damashneye zadaniye pa matematike.) “I forgot to do my Math homework.” 2. плюс (plyus) “plus” Я + ты. (Я плюс ты) (Ya plyus ty.) “You plus me. I plus you.” Okay I’m getting confused. Math is too complicated for me. 3. Минус (minus) “minus” Сегодня температура в Москве минус 20 градусов по Цельсию. (Sevodnya temperatura v Maskve minus dvatsat’ gradusaf pa Tsel’siyu.) “Today’s temperature in Moscow is minus 20 degrees (Celsius).” The sausage minus bread, the hotdog. 4. делить (delit’) “divide” Давай разделим шоколадку на 17 кусочков. (Davay razdelim shakalatku na semnatsat’ kusochkaf.) “Let’s divide this chocolate into 17 pieces.” 5. равняться (ravnyatsa) “equal” Ира + Петя = любовь. (Ира плюс петя равняется любовь). (Ira plyus Petya ravnyayetsa lyubof’.) “Ira + Petya = love.” 6. процент (pratsent) “percent” Ты не поверишь, 70% скидка в этом магазине! (Ty ne paverish, semdesyat pratsentaf skitka v etam magazine!) “Oh my God, it’s 70% discount right now in that shop!” 7. точка (tochka) “point” В этом йогурте 3.5% жирности. (V etam yogurte tri-tochka-pyat’ pratsentaf zhyrnasti.) “This yogurt is 3.5% of fat.” 8. уравнение (uravneniye) “equation” Ты решишь для меня это уравнение? (Ty reshysh dlya menya eta uravneniye?) “Could you do this equation for me?” 9. вычислять (vychislyat’) “calculate” Я пыталась вычислить, сколько калорий я сегодня съела. (Ya pytalas’ vychislit’, skol’ka kaloriy ya sevodnya s’yela.) “I tried to calculate how many calories I ate today.” 10. нечётный (nechotnyy) “odd” Говорят, что нечётные числа приносят удачу. (Gavaryat, shto nechotnyye chisla prinosyat udachu.) “They say that odd numbers bring luck.” Oh my god, oh my god, you got through the whole video of 10 Must-Know Math Words. You’re great! Пока-пока! (Paka-paka!) -
“O la va o la Spacca”: Take Bold Decisions in Italian
What are Idioms Idioms or idiomatic expressions are phrases that have a figurative meaning that is conventionally understood by the speakers of that language. This meaning is different from the literal meaning of the idiom’s individual elements. For me, idioms are one of the most captivating elements of any language. These expressions capture cultural values, historical […]
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Know All About Carnival in Brazil
If you want to learn all about Carnival in Brazil, search no more. In this blog post, we talk about the history of Carnival, the samba schools, and the best cities to visit during the Carnival season in Brazil. Moreover, we also teach you some Carnival vocabulary so you are prepared to celebrate in Brazil.
History of Carnival in Brazil
The origin of Carnival has to do with Christianity and its roots in the Middle Ages. Back then, people would wear masks and disguises to celebrate the time before Lent. Even today, Carnival still has a certain connection with Christianity, as the official date for this celebration changes every year according to the Christian calendar. We celebrate Carnival 40 days after Palm Sunday every year. That means Carnival usually falls by the end of February or the beginning of March.
During colonial times, the Portuguese brought Carnival festivities to Brazil, especially Rio de Janeiro. With time, rich people were organizing masquerade balls in the country, making Carnival a popular season. Also around that time, people started to parade on the streets, wearing their masks and costumes. However, samba was not yet a thing.
Read more: History And Types Of Samba In Brazil.
The music people would play the most during Carnival season was marchinha, a genre of music that would serve as a comic satire of military marches. Nonetheless, by the end of the 19th century, samba started to grow among the slums of Rio de Janeiro and the general population. With time, it became the most popular genre of Carnival music.
Not long after that, around the ’20s, the first samba schools were established in Rio de Janeiro.
Meanwhile, in 1950 in Bahia, Carnival was growing differently than in Rio. With the invention of the trio elétrico, Carnival began to revolve around axé music, not samba. Trio elétrico is an adapted sound truck often used for street parties and large musical events.
Samba Schools
Differently from what it might seem, the samba school has nothing to do with formal educational instruction. Samba schools are associations founded by civilians to praise samba and celebrate Carnival. They have a solid community basis and a strong bond with local neighborhoods or favelas.
Around the ’30s, samba schools started to compete against each other, organizing the first parades.
Nowadays, there are over 70 samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. Because of that, there are different leagues in the competition for the best school of the year. The Special League (Grupo Especial) is divided into two groups that parade on the Sunday and Monday of the Carnival season. They compete to crown the winner of the samba school parade every year. The parade lasts about one house and has to follow several rules. The Access League (Grupo de Acesso) parades on the Friday and Saturday before the Special League and competes to be promoted to the main league the following year.
To sum it up, the samba school’s competition works just like a football state championship.
The samba school’s competition is such a big deal nowadays, that they take over a year to prepare for their parades. That includes choosing a theme, doing research, creating floats and costumes, writing original songs and deciding which one to use, and more. Thousands of people are involved in the making of each samba school’s parade, such as designers, painters, seamstresses, woodworkers, musicians, choreographers, and much more.
- Fun Fact: Caminhos has been present at Sapucaí for 4 years. In partnership with the samba school, Arranco do Engenho de Dentro. We have taken our students on immersive journeys, allowing them to fully embrace the vibrant spirit of Brazilian culture during Carnival.
Parades
As stated above, the samba schools need to follow certain rules for their parades. Each Carnival organization decides on these rules. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, the parade has a maximum time of 70 minutes, with a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 Carnival floats.
The parade is divided into wings. No special wing is required, but some of them are traditional in every parade. For example, Ala das Baianas, in which ladies dress in clothes reminiscent of the early twentieth century. Also popular is Velha Guarda, a wing of only elderly people who once had honorable roles in the samba school, such as dancers, musicians, and directors.
Each parade is judged and scored on:
- Allegorical floats and props (Alegorias e adereços): The Carnival floats.
- Drumming Section (Bateria): The Carnival orchestra of each school.
- Front Commission (Comissão de Frente): The first group of participants in a parade. They dance to a well-rehearsed choreography to introduce the theme the samba school is presenting.
- Plot-theme (Enredo): The theme each school is presenting.
- Progression (Evolução): The pace and speed of the parade must be in sync with the music.
- Costumes (Fantasias): The design and ideas for the clothes.
- Harmony (Harmonia): Everyone at the parade must be singing and dancing.
- Mestre-Sala and Porta-Bandeira: A couple with a special costume that dances while paying tribute to the samba school’s flag. Each school can have more than one couple honoring the flag, but only the main couple is judged.
- Samba song (Samba-enredo): The original melody and lyrics composed for the parade.
Sambadrome
The sambadrome is the place where samba schools parade during Carnaval in Brazil. There are spectator viewing areas around the avenue and VIP suites that offer open bars and special attractions.
Famous samba schools
In Rio de Janeiro, some of the most popular and traditional samba schools are:
- Portela – founded in 1923 – 22 titles
- Mangueira – founded in 1928 – 20 titles
- Beija-Flor – founded in 1948 – 14 titles
- Salgueiro – founded in 1953 – 9 titles
- Imperatriz Leopoldinense – founded in 1959 – 8 titles
- Mocidade – founded in 1955 – 6 titles
- Unidos da Tijuca – founded in 1931 – 4 titles
- Unidos de Vila Isabel – founded in 1946 – 3 titles
Further reading: Top 5: Main Traditional Brazilian Festivals.
Blocos de Rua
Blocos de rua, also called bloquinhos or carnaval de rua are the street parades organized all around the city during Carnival season. Even though they are huge in Rio de Janeiro, blocos de rua are organized all over different cities in Brazil, such as São Paulo, Recife, Ouro Preto, and Florianópolis.
Street bands followed by an adapted sound truck (trio elétrico) play lively, fast-paced, and energetic music. Even though many bands play samba, marchinha is the most popular music genre in blocos de rua.
For example, there is a famous Carnival group in Brazil called Sargento Pimenta (Sergeant Pepper) that only plays Beatles songs. However, they use the marchinha beat while doing so.
Watch the Sargento Pimenta band playing All My Loving Carnival-style:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuU2R01Z98E
Costumes
The most important thing about Carnival is costumes.
Since the beginning of Carnival celebrations in Brazil, masks were always part of the attire. By 1870 people were already using costumes to make their Carnival more fun. Yes, that was way before samba was even invented!
So, you need to prepare for Carnival — one different costume a day. Be creative, use lots of glitters and colorful props. Do that and you are ready for Carnival!
Where to Enjoy Carnival in Brazil?
Rio de Janeiro
In Rio de Janeiro you do not need to choose between watching the samba schools’ parade or enjoying the street Carnival because we have it all. You can join the blocos during the day and watch the parades in the evening. Rinse and repeat for four days straight!!! There are over 500 ‘blocos de rua’ in Rio and you will have the time of your life.
Salvador
If you want to try something different from samba, Salvador has the best axé music festivities during Carnival. Some Brazilians say everyone must spend at least one Carnival season in Salvador.
Recife and Olinda
One of the most traditional ways to celebrate Carnival is going to Recife and Olinda, sister cities in Pernambuco. The street Carnival is huge there, and you can try Frevo — the local music genre and dance. Guinness Book of World Records registered Galo da Madrugada, a bloco de rua in Recife, as the biggest carnival parade in the world. Over 2,500,000 people followed their parade in 2013.
Watch Teacher Deise’s video on Pernambuco.
Ouro Preto
Ouro Preto is a small historical city in the state of Minas Gerais. The Carnival there is famous among young partygoers, especially college students. That is because Ouro Preto is also a university town. The street Carnival is great and the college dorms and fraternity houses also throw awesome parties.
Carnival Vocabulary
How About Carnival in 2025?
In 2025, Carnival is set to return with renewed energy and vibrancy after the unprecedented challenges of recent years. Thanks to robust vaccination campaigns and improved public health protocols across Brazil, all traditional Carnival events are back on track. The mayor of Rio de Janeiro has confirmed that the street Carnival will proceed as scheduled, welcoming millions of revelers to enjoy the festivities safely. Additionally, the samba schools’ parade at the Sambadrome will dazzle audiences in its customary time slot, showcasing the rich cultural heritage and passion for Brazilian Carnival. Get ready for a celebration that truly reflects the resilient and joyful spirit of Rio de Janeiro!
Experience the thrill of Rio de Janeiro’s Carnival at Sapucaí like never before with Caminhos and the samba school Arranco do Engenho de Dentro! Immerse yourself in the pulsating rhythms of samba, make unforgettable memories, and celebrate Carnival at its very heart. Be part of it all!
Watch our series of videos on Carnival: part 1, part 2, part 3.
If you are planning on coming to Rio de Janeiro for Carnival someday, how about arriving a few weeks early and learning some basic Portuguese to help you around the city? Caminhos Language Centre offers Portuguese group courses and private lessons to help you get a grasp of street Portuguese and Brazilian culture. We also have a 4-hour Portuguese crash course to help you with the basics.
Caminhos Language Centre is the largest and most exciting Portuguese school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We have an excellent infrastructure, over 15 experienced Brazilian teachers, and a friendly multilingual support staff. We are the only school in Brazil able to offer Portuguese group courses throughout the year on 10 different levels. Moreover, our school also offers more than just Portuguese lessons for foreigners, we offer you the complete Rio de Janeiro experience. Every day we organize 100% free and fun activities for you to socialize and practice your Portuguese. We can also help you with a student visa for Brazil and accommodation in Rio de Janeiro. Follow us on Instagram for some Portuguese tips and news.
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Core Words: How to Say “Candy,” “Meat,” and More!
Hi everybody, my name is Thomas. Welcome to the 2000 Core Dutch Words and Phrases video series! Each lesson will help you learn new words, practice, and review what you’ve learned. Ok! Let’s get started! First is… WORD 1 (NORMAL SPEED) gerst (NORMAL SPEED) “barley” (NORMAL SPEED) gerst (SLOW) gerst (NORMAL SPEED) “barley” (NORMAL SPEED) Gerst wordt voor van alles gebruikt, van gezonde voeding tot bier en whisky. (NORMAL SPEED) “Barley is used for everything from health food to beer and whiskey.” (SLOW) Gerst wordt voor van alles gebruikt, van gezonde voeding tot bier en whisky. WORD 2 (NORMAL SPEED) vlees (NORMAL SPEED) “meat” (NORMAL SPEED) vlees (SLOW) vlees (NORMAL SPEED) “meat” (NORMAL SPEED) vlees fijnhakken (NORMAL SPEED) “chopping meat” (SLOW) vlees fijnhakken WORD 3 (NORMAL SPEED) zoetigheid (NORMAL SPEED) “sweets” (NORMAL SPEED) zoetigheid (SLOW) zoetigheid (NORMAL SPEED) “sweets” (NORMAL SPEED) Ik houd van zoetigheid, vooral chocolade. (NORMAL SPEED) “I like sweets, chocolate in particular.” (SLOW) Ik houd van zoetigheid, vooral chocolade. WORD 4 (NORMAL SPEED) snoep (NORMAL SPEED) “candy” (NORMAL SPEED) snoep (SLOW) snoep (NORMAL SPEED) “candy” (NORMAL SPEED) Op de verjaardag van mijn dochter hebben we een piñata gevuld met snoep. (NORMAL SPEED) “We are having a piñata filled with candy at my daughter’s birthday party.” (SLOW) Op de verjaardag van mijn dochter hebben we een piñata gevuld met snoep. WORD 5 (NORMAL SPEED) grapefruit (NORMAL SPEED) “grapefruit” (NORMAL SPEED) grapefruit (SLOW) grapefruit (NORMAL SPEED) “grapefruit” (NORMAL SPEED) Mijn moeder at altijd een halve grapefruit bij het ontbijt. (NORMAL SPEED) “My mother always ate half of a grapefruit at breakfast.” (SLOW) Mijn moeder at altijd een halve grapefruit bij het ontbijt. WORD 6 (NORMAL SPEED) veenbes (NORMAL SPEED) “cranberry” (NORMAL SPEED) veenbes (SLOW) veenbes (NORMAL SPEED) “cranberry” (NORMAL SPEED) gedroogde veenbes (NORMAL SPEED) “dried cranberry” (SLOW) gedroogde veenbes WORD 7 (NORMAL SPEED) gember (NORMAL SPEED) “ginger” (NORMAL SPEED) gember (SLOW) gember (NORMAL SPEED) “ginger” (NORMAL SPEED) De specerij gember wordt gebruikt bij het koken en als medicijn. (NORMAL SPEED) “The spice ginger is used for cooking and medicine.” (SLOW) De specerij gember wordt gebruikt bij het koken en als medicijn. WORD 8 (NORMAL SPEED) olijfolie (NORMAL SPEED) “olive oil” (NORMAL SPEED) olijfolie (SLOW) olijfolie (NORMAL SPEED) “olive oil” (NORMAL SPEED) olijfolie in een pot (NORMAL SPEED) “olive oil in a jar” (SLOW) olijfolie in een pot WORD 9 (NORMAL SPEED) kruid (NORMAL SPEED) “spice” (NORMAL SPEED) kruid (SLOW) kruid (NORMAL SPEED) “spice” (NORMAL SPEED) Kruiden en smaakmakers staan in gangpad zes. (NORMAL SPEED) “Spices and seasonings are on aisle six.” (SLOW) Kruiden en smaakmakers staan in gangpad zes. WORD 10 (NORMAL SPEED) saus (NORMAL SPEED) “sauce” (NORMAL SPEED) saus (SLOW) saus (NORMAL SPEED) “sauce” (NORMAL SPEED) Waar is de saus? (NORMAL SPEED) “Where is the sauce?” (SLOW) Waar is de saus? PRACTICE/REVIEW Let’s review. Respond to the prompts by speaking aloud. First, you will hear a word or phrase in English. Respond in Dutch, then repeat after me, focusing on pronunciation. Ready? (Do you remember how to say “barley?” Review 1) (3) (2) (1) gerst (1) gerst (And how to say “meat?” Review 2) (3) (2) (1) vlees (1) vlees (What about “sweets?” Review 3) (3) (2) (1) zoetigheid (1) zoetigheid (Do you remember how to say “candy?” Review 4) (3) (2) (1) snoep (1) snoep (Let’s try “grapefruit!” Review 5) (3) (2) (1) grapefruit (1) grapefruit (What about “cranberry?” Review 6) (3) (2) (1) veenbes (1) veenbes (Now, let’s see if you remember how to say “ginger!” Review 7) (3) (2) (1) gember (1) gember (Another one! What about “olive oil?” Review 8) (3) (2) (1) olijfolie (1) olijfolie (Do you remember how to say “spice?” Review 9) (3) (2) (1) kruid (1) kruid (And finally, do you remember how to say “sauce?” Review 10) (3) (2) (1) saus (1) saus Well done! See you next time! Tot ziens. -
How to Learn & Master Russian Grammar with our Grammar Bank
If you’re tired of knowing and speaking the language at a basic level… …and want to express yourself fluently, just like native speakers… …then, you’ll need to learn grammar. The problem? It can be tricky to learn. But don’t worry. In this guide, you’ll discover… Where to get all of the grammar explanations you’ll ever need… The best way to learn grammar that’s right for your level… And how to expose yourself to real examples until the rules become natural to you …with a study tool called the Grammar Bank inside of our learning program. But first, if you don’t yet have access to our program… Sign up for a free lifetime account right now. Just click the link in the description. So, what is the grammar bank? The grammar bank is like a grammar dictionary, except online. It’s a database of the must-know grammar rules and explanations… …that makes it easy to look up specific rules and learn them. Look for it in the top menu of our site. How do you learn grammar with it? The best way to learn grammar is NOT to just study roles… But to learn in context…and hear the grammar used in real life. And that’s exactly how you learn with our lessons. You learn a quick conversation and hear how the grammar rules are used within that conversation. But what if you come across grammar that you’re not familiar with? Or what if you want to review a specific rule… without going back to re-do a lesson? That’s where the grammar bank comes in. You can look up grammar rules, and get the explanations, examples… and links to lessons where we cover these rules. You can also sort grammar by learning level. So, if you’re an Absolute Beginner and want to make sure you know all of the Absolute Beginner grammar rules… …you can do just that with the Grammar bank. You can also sort the rules by spelling, category, and lesson series. And if you want to get used to the grammar patterns so that you can use them in conversation… and become fluent… The best way is to expose yourself to examples as much as possible. Grammar is hard at first… but gets easy once you get used to it with enough exposure. Be sure to access the related lessons inside the grammar bank… …and listen to the native conversations that use the rule… as much as possible. So, if you want to become fluent and speak perfectly… you’ll need grammar… Take advantage of the Grammar Bank… inside of our learning program But if you don’t yet have access… sign up for a free lifetime account right now. Just click the link in the description to sign up. -
What does “Suggestivo” mean in Italian? (false friend)
Beware of Italian False Friends
Learning a new language is fun, but what I find the funniest is when learners use a wrong word in a context because it resembles another word in their native language. It happened to me as well, several times! And the best way to overcome this issue is to laugh about it.
These words are so-called false friends and they can easily lead to misunderstandings. One such example in Italian is the word suggestivo. Let’s dive into its true meaning, usage, and other common false friends in Italian that learners should be aware of.
Understanding “Suggestivo”
What Does “Suggestivo” Really Mean?
The Italian suggestivo translates to “evocative”, “inspiring”, or “pleasing in a marvelous way”. It is used to describe something that creates a strong emotional response, often associated with beauty or charm.
It is not the same as the English word “suggestive”, which implies something with sexual undertones. If you want to convey the sexual connotation of the English “suggestive”, you can use the Italian term provocante in Italian.
How to use “Suggestivo” in Italian
Suggestivo is frequently used to describe scenic locations, artworks, or experiences that are emotionally striking or particularly beautiful.
I like using this word a lot, especially when referring to nature. As a sunset lover, I find suggestivo the perfect term to describe the colors of the sky at the end of a day.
Questo tramonto è suggestivo.
This sunset is evocative.
As with many other aspects of language learning, understanding the subtle differences in word usage is essential. It helps you avoid embarrassing mistakes and allows for more precise and culturally appropriate communication.
Appreciate the Nuances of Italian
The word suggestivo is a reminder of how learning Italian requires more than just memorizing vocabulary: it’s about understanding context, culture, and subtle meanings.
Words like this show how language can shape and reflect different ways of experiencing the world. It is a concrete example that highlight that languages do affect our behaviors and perspectives!
Embracing these nuances and gain a richer, more authentic appreciation of the Italian language.
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Best Cities to Celebrate Carnival in Brazil
If you are planning to spend Carnival in Brazil, you are probably very excited to experience it all! Let’s check Best Cities to Celebrate Carnival in Brazil
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Core Words Lesson #43 — Quiz Review
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