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نویسنده: AliBina

  • How to Politely Respond to Invitations in Italian

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    How to Respond to Invitations in Italian

    Did you just move to Italy? Are you making new friends or perhaps you need advice on how to date someone in Italy? Mastering how to respond to invitations is part of the learning process.

    If you already know how to say “yes” and how to say “no”, then it is time to discover more alternatives to convey different levels of enthusiasm, formality, and intent. Let me show you some common ways to accept an invitation in Italian, along with their contexts and alternatives.

    Exploring Different Ways to Say “Yes”

    “Vengo”: The Straightforward Confirmation

    Vengo is the first person singular of the present tense of the verb venire (to come), therefore meaning “I’m coming”. I think it is the most direct way to respond to an invitation in Italian: a clear and simple declaration of your intent to present.

    For instance, if someone invites you out and you want to confirm your presence without much embellishment, you can simply say okay, vengo.

    -Domani io e i miei amici andiamo al cinema. Vieni?

    -Tomorrow my friends and I are going to the cinema. Are you coming?

    -Sì, vengo.

    -Yes, I’m coming.

    -Stiamo per andare via, tu che fai?

    -We’re about to leave, what are you doing?

    –Vengo anche io.

    –I am coming, too.

    “Ci Sto”: Casual and Upbeat

    If you’re looking to add a bit more enthusiasm to your response, ci sto might be your best bet. It can literally be translated to “I’m in”, and it is the perfect phrase for informal settings to express both agreement and excitement.

    I use ci sto quite frequently among friends when planning activities, because it gives me the feeling of expressing more than just agreeing: for me, it conveys a sense of involvement.

    -Domani io e i miei amici andiamo a cena fuori. Vieni?

    -Tomorrow my friends and I are going out for dinner. Are you coming?

    -Sì, ci sto!

    -Yes, I’m in!

    Notice that, in this expression, the pronoun “ci” can be translated as “there”, meaning the place where you are going to be present. It usually refers to physical locations, but in this context, it conveys a more figurative sense of being present or involved in a situation.

    When you say ci sto you are essentially saying, “I am there” not in a literal place, but “there” in terms of your willingness to participate.

    “Ci Sarò”: A More Formal Future Commitment

    While vengo and ci sto are perfect for immediate plans, there are times when you need to confirm your presence for a future event. This is where ci sarò comes into play.

    Ci sarò is the future tense of the verb essere meaning “I will be there”. It is particularly useful for more formal events, like meetings, conferences, or official gatherings, where you need to confirm your future attendance.

    It is important that you distinguish ci sarò from ci starò. The distinction between essere and stare is essential in Italian: ci starò means “I will stay there”, which isn’t the intended meaning when accepting an invitation.

    “Accetto con Piacere”: The Polite Formal Response

    For more formal invitations, such as a business dinner, a wedding, or any official event, you might opt for accetto con piacere, which translates to “I gladly accept”.

    This is the most polite response you can choose, as it allows to also expresses gratitude while confirming your attendance.

    “Perché No?”: A Spontaneous Yes

    Sometimes, invitations are more spontaneous, and you want your response to match that vibe. In these cases, you could say perché no? which means “why not?”.

    I use a lot this phrase, because it is playful, perfect for casual situations where the plan isn’t too serious. I feel like saying “yeah, let’s do it!”. It really underlines the flexibility of Italian people in informal contexts.

    “Magari!”: When You Wish You Could

    Magari is one of the hardest words to translate in English. It is one of those words that have no equivalent in English, which require you to just learn them in context.

    Magari translates to “I wish!” or “if only!” and it expresses a strong desire to accept but also implies some uncertainty, implying you actually cannot accept the invitation or leaving room for future confirmation.

    It’s a versatile expression that shows your enthusiasm but also your limitations. We often use magari + congiuntivo, to express possibility or uncertainty, similar to maybe or perhaps in English.

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  • How to Learn Portuguese Faster: AI vs. Locals

    How to Learn Portuguese Faster: AI vs. Locals

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    How Will AI Transform Language Learning, and Why Human Connections Still Matter in How to Learn Portuguese?

    While these technological advancements increase usefulness and accessibility, human connections remain irreplaceable for developing language proficiency and cultural understanding. If you’re wondering “How to Learn Portuguese” effectively, keep reading to explore the balance between AI tools and human interaction.

    It’s indisputable that AI has improved how we work, search for information, communicate, and learn. In the field of language learning, these platforms are driven by databases that optimize learning paths and user engagement.

    From Chatbots to Big Data: The AI Innovations

    Personalized Learning with Big DataHow to Learn Portuguese

    According to Babbel Magazine, AI is built by a vast database to create personalized learning methods customized to individual goals and learning styles. These platforms analyze user behavior to identify weaknesses and adapt exercises. This adaptability is key to helping students stay motivated and achieve their goals. 

    AI for Instant Practice

    Natural Language Processing (NLP) it’s a type of artificial intelligence that makes computers understand, process, and manipulate human language. These tools imitate human interactions, enabling a practical way to improve fluency and sentence construction. Chatbots like ChatGPT are increasing their sophistication in creating natural conversations, making them helpful tools for language practice. 

    Gamification and Multisensory Approaches

    An article from TechCrunch explains how gamification can increase learner retention and make the process easier. Gamified learning methods transform language lessons into engaging activities with points, rewards, and challenges. What also makes the learning process more dynamic is the use of multisensory platforms that combine visual, auditory, and kinesthetic elements to catch the user’s attention. 

    2 Reasons Human Connections Matter in How to Learn Portuguese:

    How to Learn Portuguese

    While AI offers innovative solutions, it lacks human interaction’s emotional intelligence and adaptability.

    To learn Brazilian Portuguese, immersion is key, and spending time in Brazil is the best way to achieve this. At Caminhos Language Centre, we provide group classes, cultural experiences, daily language practice, and opportunities to explore Rio de Janeiro. We also offer accommodation, making it easier for you to immerse yourself fully in the language, culture, and unique diversity of Brazil.

    Read more: 10 Reasons Why You Should Learn Portuguese in Brazil

    Here’s why human connections are indispensable:

    1. Emotional and Cultural Depth: Language is directly connected to learning a new culture and emotion. When you talk to a native speaker, it provides nuanced insights into idioms, humor, and cultural contexts that AI can’t replace. And we are constantly changing the way we communicate, with new words and mannerisms. Cultural immersion through real conversations enhances language learning results.
    2. Problem-Solving Beyond Algorithms: The blog Psychology Today states that pre-programmed rules do not make human intelligence. Humans need to be motivated by emotional evaluations and situational understanding to resolve problems, which increases a more holistic approach to language learning.

    Whether you choose to learn Portuguese from home or study abroad, you should check these other blog posts: Why learn Brazilian Portuguese?, Best way to learn Portuguese: Private Lessons or Group Classes? and Learn Portuguese Online: Mastering the Language from Anywhere.

    How to Learn Portuguese

    Why does Human Interaction Outshines AI?

    1. Adaptability: Humans can adjust teaching styles and explanations based on the learner’s immediate needs and based on the space in which they are located.
    2. Cultural Exchange: Learning from locals provides immersive exposure to traditions, gestures, and social norms.
    3. Soft Skills Development: Conversations with native speakers build communication skills, emotional intelligence, and confidence.

     The Role of Social Interaction in Learning

    Research consistently shows that human interaction significantly enhances language acquisition:

    • Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura emphasizes that observation and interaction are critical for effective learning.
    • Studies published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience highlight the brain’s response to social cues, showing improved retention when language learning involves real-world interactions.

    AI and Human Connections: A Collaborative Approach

    The future of language learning lies in blending AI’s technological efficiency with the richness of human interaction. Combining these elements ensures learners benefit from personalized resources while engaging in meaningful cultural exchanges.

    AI is undeniably reshaping language education, offering tools that make learning accessible and adaptive. However, the human element remains unparalleled in developing authentic communication skills and cultural fluency. By leveraging both AI and human connections, language learners can achieve a holistic and enriching experience.

    How to Learn Portuguese

    If you are interested in studying Portuguese in Brazil, join Caminhos Language Centre, the largest and most exciting Portuguese school in Rio de Janeiro. We offer different types of group and private classes, and free after-class activities every day, promoting interaction between students and locals.

    Caminhos also offers online classes, so you can learn Portuguese wherever you are with native teachers and exclusive material.

    Caminhos Language Centre is the largest and most exciting Portuguese school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We have an excellent infrastructure, over 15 experienced Brazilian teachers, and a friendly multilingual support staff. We are the only school in Brazil able to offer Portuguese group courses throughout the year on 10 different levels. Moreover, our school also offers more than just Portuguese lessons for foreigners, we offer you the complete Rio de Janeiro experience. Every day we organize 100% free and fun activities for you to socialize and practice your Portuguese. We can also help you with a student visa for Brazil and accommodation in Rio de Janeiro. Follow us on Instagram for some Portuguese tips and news.



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  • Core Words: How to Say “Snack,” “Dessert,” and More!

    Core Words: How to Say “Snack,” “Dessert,” and More!

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    Hi everybody, my name is Thomas. Welcome to the 2000 Core Dutch Words and Phrases video series! Each lesson will help you learn new words, practice, and review what you’ve learned. Ok! Let’s get started! First is… WORD 1 (NORMAL SPEED) tussendoortje (NORMAL SPEED) “snack” (NORMAL SPEED) tussendoortje (SLOW) tussendoortje (NORMAL SPEED) “snack” (NORMAL SPEED) nachtelijk tussendoortje (NORMAL SPEED) “midnight snack” (SLOW) nachtelijk tussendoortje WORD 2 (NORMAL SPEED) nachtelijk tussendoortje (NORMAL SPEED) “midnight snack” (NORMAL SPEED) nachtelijk tussendoortje (SLOW) nachtelijk tussendoortje (NORMAL SPEED) “midnight snack” (NORMAL SPEED) Nachtelijke tussendoortjes moeten licht zijn zodat ze je niet wakker houden. (NORMAL SPEED) “Midnight snacks need to be light, so they don’t keep you awake.” (SLOW) Nachtelijke tussendoortjes moeten licht zijn zodat ze je niet wakker houden. WORD 3 (NORMAL SPEED) vol zitten (NORMAL SPEED) “full” (NORMAL SPEED) vol zitten (SLOW) vol zitten (NORMAL SPEED) “full” (NORMAL SPEED) volledig vol zitten (NORMAL SPEED) “completely full” (SLOW) volledig vol zitten WORD 4 (NORMAL SPEED) toetje (NORMAL SPEED) “dessert” (NORMAL SPEED) toetje (SLOW) toetje (NORMAL SPEED) “dessert” (NORMAL SPEED) We eten bij ons thuis elke zondagavond taart als toetje. (NORMAL SPEED) “We eat cake at my house every Sunday night for dessert.” (SLOW) We eten bij ons thuis elke zondagavond taart als toetje. WORD 5 (NORMAL SPEED) gangen maaltijd (NORMAL SPEED) “course meal” (NORMAL SPEED) gangen maaltijd (SLOW) gangen maaltijd (NORMAL SPEED) “course meal” (NORMAL SPEED) 5-gangen maaltijd (NORMAL SPEED) “five course meal” (SLOW) 5-gangen maaltijd WORD 6 (NORMAL SPEED) buffet (NORMAL SPEED) “buffet” (NORMAL SPEED) buffet (SLOW) buffet (NORMAL SPEED) “buffet” (NORMAL SPEED) Bij een buffet kun je uitkiezen wat je wilt eten. (NORMAL SPEED) “At a buffet you can pick only what you want to eat.” (SLOW) Bij een buffet kun je uitkiezen wat je wilt eten. WORD 7 (NORMAL SPEED) onbeperkt eten (NORMAL SPEED) “all-you-can-eat” (NORMAL SPEED) onbeperkt eten (SLOW) onbeperkt eten (NORMAL SPEED) “all-you-can-eat” (NORMAL SPEED) Ik prop me altijd vol bij restaurants waar je onbeperkt kunt eten. (NORMAL SPEED) “I always stuff myself at the all-you-can-eat restaurant.” (SLOW) Ik prop me altijd vol bij restaurants waar je onbeperkt kunt eten. WORD 8 (NORMAL SPEED) noot (NORMAL SPEED) “nut” (NORMAL SPEED) noot (SLOW) noot (NORMAL SPEED) “nut” (NORMAL SPEED) De eekhoorn is een noot aan het eten. (NORMAL SPEED) “The squirrel is eating a nut.” (SLOW) De eekhoorn is een noot aan het eten. WORD 9 (NORMAL SPEED) pinda (NORMAL SPEED) “peanut” (NORMAL SPEED) pinda (SLOW) pinda (NORMAL SPEED) “peanut” (NORMAL SPEED) Veel kinderen en volwassenen zijn allergisch voor pinda`s. (NORMAL SPEED) “Many children and adults are allergic to peanuts.” (SLOW) Veel kinderen en volwassenen zijn allergisch voor pinda`s. WORD 10 (NORMAL SPEED) cashewnoot (NORMAL SPEED) “cashew nut” (NORMAL SPEED) cashewnoot (SLOW) cashewnoot (NORMAL SPEED) “cashew nut” (NORMAL SPEED) Ik hou van in honing geroosterde en gezouten cashewnoten. (NORMAL SPEED) “I love to eat honey roasted and salted cashew nuts.” (SLOW) Ik hou van in honing geroosterde en gezouten cashewnoten. PRACTICE/REVIEW Let’s review. Respond to the prompts by speaking aloud. First, you will hear a word or phrase in English. Respond in Dutch, then repeat after me, focusing on pronunciation. Ready? (Do you remember how to say “snack?” Review 1) (3) (2) (1) tussendoortje (1) tussendoortje (And how to say “midnight snack?” Review 2) (3) (2) (1) nachtelijk tussendoortje (1) nachtelijk tussendoortje (What about “full?” Review 3) (3) (2) (1) vol zitten (1) vol zitten (Do you remember how to say “dessert?” Review 4) (3) (2) (1) toetje (1) toetje (Let’s try “course meal!” Review 5) (3) (2) (1) gangen maaltijd (1) gangen maaltijd (What about “buffet?” Review 6) (3) (2) (1) buffet (1) buffet (Now, let’s see if you remember how to say “all-you-can-eat!” Review 7) (3) (2) (1) onbeperkt eten (1) onbeperkt eten (Another one! What about “nut?” Review 8) (3) (2) (1) noot (1) noot (Do you remember how to say “peanut?” Review 9) (3) (2) (1) pinda (1) pinda (And finally, do you remember how to say “cashew nut?” Review 10) (3) (2) (1) cashewnoot (1) cashewnoot Well done! See you next time! Tot ziens.



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  • Expressions used in Business – RussianPod101

    Expressions used in Business – RussianPod101

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    INTRODUCTION John: Expressions used in Business John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. I’m John. Karina: And I’m Karina! John: This is Must-know Russian Slang Words and Phrases, Season 1, Lesson 11. In this lesson, you’ll learn expressions used in business. John: Each company usually has its own terms for clients or other people it works with, but here we gathered a couple of examples that will be quite recognizable among employees in different regions and industries. SLANG EXPRESSIONS John: The expressions you’ll be learning in this lesson are… Karina: продажник (prodazhnik) Karina: юрики (yuriki) Karina: физики (fiziki) Karina: бухи (bukhi) John: Karina, what’s our first expression? Karina: продажник (prodazhnik) John: This literally means “salesman,” but when it’s used as a slang expression, it means “sales person.” Karina: [SLOW] продажник [NORMAL] продажник John: Listeners, please repeat. Karina: продажник [pause – 5 sec.] John: Use this expression when referring to a sales manager in a very informal way. John: Now, let’s hear an example sentence. Karina: [NORMAL] А новый продажник-то крутой парень! [SLOW] А новый продажник-то крутой парень! John: “This new sales guy is cool!” Karina: [NORMAL] А новый продажник-то крутой парень! John: Okay, what’s the next expression? Karina: юрики (yuriki) John: This literally means “legal person,” but when it’s used as a slang expression, it means “corporate body” or “legal person.” Karina: [SLOW] юрики [NORMAL] юрики John: Listeners, please repeat. Karina: юрики [pause – 5 sec.] John: Use this expression when you want to refer to a legal person or corporate clients (usually someone who works at a bank). John: Now, let’s hear an example sentence. Karina: [NORMAL] У меня сегодня одни юрики в очереди! [SLOW] У меня сегодня одни юрики в очереди! John: “I had only corporate clients in line today!” Karina: [NORMAL] У меня сегодня одни юрики в очереди! John: Okay, what’s our next expression? Karina: физики (fiziki) John: This literally means “physics,” but as a slang expression, it means “individual, usual customer.” Karina: [SLOW] физики [NORMAL] физики John: Listeners, please repeat. Karina: физики [pause – 5 sec.] John: Use this expression when you want to refer to an individual or a usual customer (usually used in banks). John: Now, let’s hear an example sentence. Karina: [NORMAL] Физиков с утра была целая толпа! [SLOW] Физиков с утра была целая толпа! John: “There was such a mass of customers today!” Karina: [NORMAL] Физиков с утра была целая толпа! John: Okay, what’s the last expression? Karina: бухи (bukhi) John: Which literally means “accounting.” As a slang expression, it means an “accounting department.” Karina: [SLOW] бухи [NORMAL] бухи John: Listeners, please repeat. Karina: бухи [pause – 5 sec.] John: Use this expression when referring to an accounting department. John: Now, let’s hear an example sentence. Karina: [NORMAL] Бухи ушли на совещание [SLOW] Бухи ушли на совещание John: “The accounting department is in the meeting.” Karina: [NORMAL] Бухи ушли на совещание QUIZ John: Okay listeners, are you ready to be quizzed on the expressions you just learned? I’ll describe four situations, and you choose the correct expression to use in your reply. Are you ready? John: The way bank workers refer to corporate clients… [pause – 5 sec.] Karina: юрики John: “Corporate body, legal client.” John: Somebody who is working in sales… [pause – 5 sec.] Karina: продажник John: “Sales person.” John: An accounting department… [pause – 5 sec.] Karina: бухи John: “Accounting department.” John: The way bank workers refer to private clients… [pause – 5 sec.] Karina: физики John: “Individual, usual customer.”

    Outro

    John: There you have it; you’ve mastered four Russian slang expressions! We have more vocab lists available at RussianPod101.com so be sure to check them out. Thanks, everyone, and see you next time! Karina: Пока, пока.



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  • What is truncation in Italian? [Rules and audio examples]

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    What is Truncation?

    Truncation, known as troncamento is the linguistic phenomenon where certain words are shortened when used in specific contexts to create a more informal expression or a more rhythmic or concise phrase.

    Truncation is especially common with adjectives that precede masculine nouns and it must be distinguished from elision, which is the removal of a vowel and is indicated with an apostrophe (like l’amico for lo amico).

    In Italian, truncation is more common in spoken language than in written language. However, some truncated words entered the Italian lexicon in their new truncated form and are used that way.

    Let me show you some examples of truncation in Italian:

    • Grande often becomes gran, as in un gran giorno (a great day).
    • Santo becomes San before a consonant, like San Marco instead of Santo Marco.
    • Buono becomes buon as in un buon amico (a good friend).

    You can try it yourself: say the word buongiorno and hear how it easily rolls off the tongue, resulting also more pleasing to the ear. If you’re interested in developing a better ear for these nuances, focus on how to develop pronunciation skills.

    Truncation in Italian

    Buono

    In Italian, truncation affects the word buono in a way that is very similar to how definite articles behave.

    Just as the definite articles il and lo are used in different contexts based on the noun they precede, buono is truncated to adapt to the sound and flow of the sentence, especially before a singular masculine noun starting with a consonant or a vowel.

    Exceptions apply for singular masculine nouns starting with z, gn, ps, s followed by another consonant.

    For example:

    Stefano ha un buono stipendio, ma non un buon superiore.

    Stefano has a good salary but not a good boss.

    Bello

    Also the adjective bello (beautiful) undergoes truncation in a way that is very similar to that of definite articles. In fact, it becomes bel when it comes before a singular masculine noun that would normally take il as the definite article.

    Dovresti leggerlo, è un bel libro.

    You should read it, it is a good book.

    I created a table that shows the comparison between the adjective bello and definite articles:

    Noun Definite Article Form of “Bello” Example with Definite Article Example with “Bello”
    Libro (book) Il Bel Il libro Bel libro
    Zaino (backpack) Lo Bello Lo zaino Bello zaino
    Amico (friend) L’ Bell’ L’amico Bell’amico
    Libri (books) I Bei I libri Bei libri
    Studenti (students) Gli Begli Gli studenti Begli studenti
    Casa (house) La Bella La casa Bella casa
    Amica (female friend) L’ Bell’ L’amica Bell’amica
    Case (houses) Le Belle Le case Belle case

    Uno

    Uno is an indefinite article used used before singular masculine nouns that begin with a consonant cluster, namely a consonant followed by another consonant.

    However, when uno precedes a singular masculine noun that starts with a regular consonant or vowel, it truncates to un. This is why saying un’albero is incorrect: the proper form is un albero.

    The truncation rule applies here because albero (tree) is a masculine noun starting with a vowel, and in Italian, the indefinite article un does exist and is used specifically before singular masculine nouns that begin with a vowel.

    The use of an apostrophe with un is reserved for feminine nouns only, as in un’amica (a female friend).

    Truncated Words That Entered the Lexicon

    As I mentioned at the beginning of this article, truncated forms are so prevalent in Italian that some of them became the default way of expressing certain phrases, evolving into fixed expressions within the language.

    Over time, these truncations have let to the creation of compound words, that result from merging two words into one unified expression that is now a standard in the Italian lexicon.

    For example, buongiorno (good morning) and buonanotte (good night) are formed by combining buon or buona (good) with giorno (day) and notte (night), respectively.

    This process of truncation and compounding reflects the dynamic nature of the Italian language, where convenience and fluidity in communication often shape the evolution of words and phrases.

    Understanding Truncation

    Truncation isn’t arbitrary: it is governed by specific rules related to the phonology of words. Truncation rules are not just about making the language sound prettier, but they are about efficiency and fluidity.

    Italian speakers value a rhythmical and harmonious flow in their speech. If you want to learn Italian, understanding these phonetic and grammatical rules is vital.

    Learning why Italians say buongiorno instead of buono giorno opens a window into the beauty and complexity of the Italian language.

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  • Rio de Janeiro’s Sapucaí: 9 Fascinating Facts You Didn’t Know About

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    Discover 9 fascinating facts about Rio de Janeiro’s Sapucaí, the beating heart of the city’s Carnival! It’s where samba schools showcase vibrant talents.

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  • Core Words Lesson #41 — Quiz Review

    Core Words Lesson #41 — Quiz Review

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  • Using Greeting and Parting Expressions – Part 1

    Using Greeting and Parting Expressions – Part 1

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    Hi everybody, I’m Seda Süreel. Herkese merhaba, ben Seda Süreel. Welcome to another Whiteboard Lessons. In this lesson, you will learn Turkish greetings and parting expressions. Let’s get started. Okay, let’s look at the vocabulary. First, we have Günaydın, Good morning. This derived from gün meaning they and aydın meaning bright. The literal meaning refers to wishing someone a bright day ahead. The greeting is used in the morning. Merhaba, hello. It comes from the Arabic phrase merhaba meaning welcome. Merhaba is commonly used not only in Turkish but also in many other languages influenced by Arabic. Selam, hello, peace, hi. It again comes from the Arabic word selam meaning peace. It’s a casual and friendly greeting among acquaintances and friends. İyi günler, good day. İyi günler is more generic and formal greeting than günaydın or merhaba. It is used until 6 pm. İyi akşamlar, good evening. İyi akşamlar is a polite and appropriate greeting as the day transitions into the evening. It is used from 6 pm to 10 pm. İyi geceler, good night. It is used as a farewell when partying in the evening before going to sleep. It is used from 10 pm to 4 am in the morning. And now let’s see our parting expressions. Hoşça kalın, goodbye. Hoşça kal or hoşça kalın is used toward one person. When you say hoşça kal it is toward one person and hoşça kalın it is used toward more than one person or for polite situations. It is a compound of hoşça, hoş meaning pleasant and kal meaning stay. So literal translation, literal meaning is similar to stay well or stay pleasant. And it can be used at any time of the day when parting. Okay, güle güle, bye bye. This phrase comes from the word laugh or smile, gülmek. Güle güle conveys the idea of parting with a smile wishing the person joy. It can be used at any time of the day again. Görüşmek üzere, see you soon. It translates directly as like until we see each other. Görüşmek üzere reflects the hope for future encounters or reunions. And it can be used at any time of the day. Okay, Allahaısmarladık, Allahaısmarladık or Allahaısmarladık, Allahaısmarladık. That’s how we say it, Allahaısmarladık, farewell. The literal meaning of Allahaısmarladık is we entrust ourselves to God, to Allah. Even though it contains a deep religious reference it is used commonly in daily conversations like casual conversations without referencing a religion. So you can use it, okay? Okay, now let’s now look at our short, very very short dialogue. Imagine two friends exchanging greetings as they pass by each other. We can find out the day, the time of the day from the dialogue. Günaydın, günaydın, günaydın, günaydın. The two friends greet each other with günaydın indicating that it is the morning. The repetition günaydın, günaydın of these two greetings reinforces the friendly and polite nature of the interaction, okay? When somebody says günaydın you can say günaydın back. In Turkish culture when you meet someone who is close to you it is very common to exchange hugs or kisses as a greeting. And we kiss on each cheek and we do it like this, not kiss but make a pretend kiss and we do it like this, not kiss but make a pretend kiss and make the sound. But if you don’t know or that person or if you don’t have a close relationship with that person it is customary to shake hands. And if the person is kind of more religious you can just put your hand on your heart and you can just bow a little. That’s also how you greet. You can do this with your head, okay?



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  • 10 Must Know Math Words

    10 Must Know Math Words

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    Hey guys! Всем привет! (Vsem privet!) Guess our next topic today. It’s going to be, it’s so fun, it’s so fun, you can’t imagine how fun it is, you’re going to love it. It’s 10 must know math words. Please don’t cancel, don’t shut me down, stay with me, Katya, and let’s check it out in Russian. 1. математика (matematika) “Math” Я забыла сделать домашнее задание по математике. (Ya zabula sdelat’ damashneye zadaniye pa matematike.) “I forgot to do my Math homework.” 2. плюс (plyus) “plus” Я + ты. (Я плюс ты) (Ya plyus ty.) “You plus me. I plus you.” Okay I’m getting confused. Math is too complicated for me. 3. Минус (minus) “minus” Сегодня температура в Москве минус 20 градусов по Цельсию. (Sevodnya temperatura v Maskve minus dvatsat’ gradusaf pa Tsel’siyu.) “Today’s temperature in Moscow is minus 20 degrees (Celsius).” The sausage minus bread, the hotdog. 4. делить (delit’) “divide” Давай разделим шоколадку на 17 кусочков. (Davay razdelim shakalatku na semnatsat’ kusochkaf.) “Let’s divide this chocolate into 17 pieces.” 5. равняться (ravnyatsa) “equal” Ира + Петя = любовь. (Ира плюс петя равняется любовь). (Ira plyus Petya ravnyayetsa lyubof’.) “Ira + Petya = love.” 6. процент (pratsent) “percent” Ты не поверишь, 70% скидка в этом магазине! (Ty ne paverish, semdesyat pratsentaf skitka v etam magazine!) “Oh my God, it’s 70% discount right now in that shop!” 7. точка (tochka) “point” В этом йогурте 3.5% жирности. (V etam yogurte tri-tochka-pyat’ pratsentaf zhyrnasti.) “This yogurt is 3.5% of fat.” 8. уравнение (uravneniye) “equation” Ты решишь для меня это уравнение? (Ty reshysh dlya menya eta uravneniye?) “Could you do this equation for me?” 9. вычислять (vychislyat’) “calculate” Я пыталась вычислить, сколько калорий я сегодня съела. (Ya pytalas’ vychislit’, skol’ka kaloriy ya sevodnya s’yela.) “I tried to calculate how many calories I ate today.” 10. нечётный (nechotnyy) “odd” Говорят, что нечётные числа приносят удачу. (Gavaryat, shto nechotnyye chisla prinosyat udachu.) “They say that odd numbers bring luck.” Oh my god, oh my god, you got through the whole video of 10 Must-Know Math Words. You’re great! Пока-пока! (Paka-paka!)



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  • “O la va o la Spacca”: Take Bold Decisions in Italian

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    What are Idioms Idioms or idiomatic expressions are phrases that have a figurative meaning that is conventionally understood by the speakers of that language. This meaning is different from the literal meaning of the idiom’s individual elements. For me, idioms are one of the most captivating elements of any language. These expressions capture cultural values, historical […]

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